The absence of reimbursement liability for both consumer and corporate customers has placed greater and greater emphasis on preventative countermeasures. As the volume of authorized payment fraud scam victims has accumulated, however, more FI's have had to weigh the outcomes of inaction against the costs and benefits of investments in prevention, detection and treatment capabilities. This panel will discuss how this rapidly shifting dynamic has influenced changes in fraud prevention policies and practices and how the costs and benefits of those changes are evaluated.